A. General observations

81. The Current Programme of Complementary Assistance (1963) was conceived as an essential means of action to ensure the over-all effectiveness of UNHCR's continuing role. This Programme not only enabled the Office to give practical help to Governments in coping with specific refugee problems with which they found themselves confronted; it also provided the Office with an opportunity to promote awareness and understanding of the problems, to ensure co-ordination within the complex field of international co-operation, and to keep alive the goodwill and spirit of international solidarity which constitute its driving force.

82. As shown in chapter III above, a special effort was made in 1963 to bring the major aid projects for "old" European refugees nearer to their conclusion. It was necessary, of course, at the same time to put into effect a much more modest programme in order to pursue the work of international assistance for refugees and to adapt it to the requirements of the new problems of refugees which emerged in various parts of the world. With this object in mind, the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme approved the concept of the current programme. whereby the Office of the High Commissioner is making its services available with a view to assisting Governments to meet new and current problems as and when they arise.

83. Of the total amount of $1.4 million which was the financial target of the current programme, roughly $600,000 was allocated for assistance to European refugees, and $800,000 for new groups of refugees. With regard to the former, new arrivals in the course of 1963 again began to create a heavy burden of unsolved cases in countries of first asylum, but through the combined efforts of the immigration countries and of the voluntary agencies, it proved possible to keep abreast of the new influxes during the period under review.

84. As regards the new groups of refugees, it will be recalled that until the end of 1962, assistance was provided by the Office of the High Commissioner outside the annual programmes, under the "good offices" resolutions of the General Assembly. As from the beginning of 1963, an allocation for assistance to these refugees was included in the current programme which enabled the High Commissioner to intervene more rapidly wherever and whenever necessary, and to plan and adapt his action to the needs of the new groups of refugees. Even so, the programme could only achieve its purpose effectively through its strong catalytic effect. As shown in annex III and in the following sections of this chapter, large-scale support was given towards assistance programmes by the Governments of countries of asylum, by other interested Governments and by certain voluntary agencies in the form of contributions in cash and in kind, or of services to the refugees. Substantial contributions were also made by Governments and private donors for projects intended to supplement those included in the High Commissioner's Programme.

85. As shown in annex IV, a total number of approximately 98,000 refugees benefited as a direct or indirect result of the Current Programme of Complementary Assistance. The extent to which UNHCR was called upon to deal with the new groups of refugees continued to vary from one problem to another. In Africa, further measures were taken towards the consolidation of the situation of former Algerian and of Angolan refugees. Increased efforts, on the other hand, were necessary on the part of the Office in dealing with the newly emerging problems of refugees from Rwanda. In Asia, the High Commissioner continued to follow closely the problems of the Chinese and Tibetan refugees.

86. In considering the results achieved under the current Programme of Complementary Assistance for 1963, the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme, at its eleventh session, expressed the view that the programme which had been launched in 1963 as an experiment, had proved its value and that it constituted an appropriate basis for the High Commissioner's future work of assistance to refugees.

87. Taking into account the number, variety and scope of the problems facing the Office of the High Commissioner in 1964, the Executive Committee noted that the financial target for the 1964 Programme which had been set by the High Commissioner at $2,600,000 might have to be raised to $3,100,000 so as to include new projects for assistance to refugees in Uganda, and it decided that parts of the allocation for some of the new projects outlined in the following sections of this chapter and amounting to $388,000 were to be included under the 1965 Programme, as shown in annex V to this report.

B. European refugees CURRENT PROGRAMME

88. As far as the European refugees are concerned the purpose of the current programme was to enable the Office of the High Commissioner to deal with the current and new problems of refugees as they present themselves. At its tenth session, the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme emphasized that a close watch should be kept on the problems of these refugees, and that in order to avoid a new accumulation of such problems, every step must be taken to solve them as rapidly as possible, the more so since the influx of new refugees was making itself particularly felt in some of the countries of first asylum.

89. As in the past, assistance to the refugees has been directed towards the three basic permanent solutions, i.e. voluntary repatriation, resettlement through emigration to another country, or economic integration in the country of residence, and has been complemented, as necessary, by legal assistance and supplementary aid.

90. The majority of the newly arriving refugees, i.e. some 6,000,many of them in the prime of life, were able rapidly to achieve solutions to their problems, particularly through resettlement in a country of final destination. On the other hand, a major effort had to be made to meet the emerging needs of nearly 1,900 non-settled refugees, nearly all of whom had to be assisted through local integration in a certain number of European countries and in Latin America.

91. Put into effect at a time when the Office of the High Commissioner and the voluntary agencies were still fully engaged on the major aid projects, that part of the current programme which was intended for European refugees gained its full momentum only towards the middle of 1963. A total of some 35,600 refugees were, nevertheless, assisted as a direct or indirect result of the programme, leaving by the end of 1963 several thousand non-settled European refugees. These may benefit from the UNHCR current programme for 1964, which includes an allocation of $500,000 plus a share in combined allocations totalling $813,000 for European refugees.

92. As shown in more detail below, the total amount of $604,339 committed for assistance to European refugees under the current programme for 1963 has been allocated as follows.

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93. As in the case of other programmes, supporting contributions were required from countries where projects were put into effect. Considerable efforts were made in this direction by the Governments of several countries and particularly those where housing projects constitute the main part of the programme. Consequently supporting contributions amounted to over $1 million, i.e., an average of 62.7 per cent of the total value of projects amounting to $1,620,000. In certain cases UNHCR participation could thus be limited to less than 10 per cent of the total value of a given project.

94. The catalytic effect of the programme also made itself felt in that funds in an amount of approximately $190,000 were made available for projects outside the programme.

95. As in the case of the major aid programmes, voluntary agencies continued to play an essential role in the implementation of projects. While some of the international agencies withdrew or partly withdrew from certain areas, arrangements for assistance to the refugees were made with their counterpart agencies or with the local authorities in the countries concerned.

VOLUNTARY REPATRIATION

96. In accordance with the terms of his statute, the High Commissioner continued to facilitate the voluntary repatriation of refugees. Not taking into account those refugees who returned to their country of origin without financial support from UNHCR, the Office of the High Commissioner offered some 150 refugees financial assistance towards their repatriation, at their request. By the end of 1963, 135 of these had left for their country of origin, 3 had not yet departed and 12 had withdrawn their applications.

PROMOTION OF RESETTLEMENT

97. Resettlement through emigration has again proved to be a most important form of assistance in that it has enabled the Office to keep abreast of the influx of new refugees by dealing with their problems as and when they arose. Of the refugees presumed to come within the mandate of UNHCR who were moved by the Inter-governmental Committee for European Migration in 1963, 4,251 were resettled from Austria, the Federal Republic of Germany, Greece and Italy.

98. In accordance with the objectives endorsed by the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme at its tenth session, the High Commissioner has continued to encourage Governments which operate regular immigration programmes to include provisions for the continued admission of refugees within these programmes, and in addition to maintain special facilities and apply liberalized criteria for the admission of refugees, including the handicapped.

99. Special arrangements providing for the admission of a considerable number of refugees have been continued by the traditional overseas immigration countries, and in particular Australia, Canada and the United States. In Australia, all refugees, including able-bodied and handicapped, can be resettled under government or private sponsorship. They may be examined in all countries where an Australian migration mission has been set up and applications may be submitted on the basis of individual dossiers. In Canada a liberal admission policy has been continued whereby refugees, including the handicapped, may be admitted. In the United States refugees can continue to be resettled under the provisions of a special law PL 86648 which has now been indefinitely extended and is open to refugees in Austria, Belgium, Federal Republic of Germany, France, Greece, Italy and Lebanon. In New Zealand a scheme for the admission of handicapped and able-bodied refugees is still in operation.

100. A certain number of European countries also admitted refugees for permanent settlement, in particular Belgium, France and Sweden while Switzerland undertook to make 150 further vacancies available for physically handicapped refugees in institutions.

101. In view of their demographic characteristics, the majority of the newly-arriving refugees could be admitted by the traditional immigration countries with only limited international assistance. In order to facilitate the admission to immigration countries of an increasing number of refugees, some of whom do not meet normal immigration criteria or cannot be resettled without temporary help, it becomes more necessary than heretofore to provide them with necessary facilities for their reception, placement into employment and integration in their country of final destination. With this objective in view, a special centre was established in Australia with financial assistance from UNHCR, for those refugees who have no private sponsors and therefore do not qualify for admission under government-assisted passage schemes for migrants. In view of the successful experiment made with the first centre set up at Vincentville under the auspices of two Catholic voluntary agencies, steps have been taken for the setting up of a second centre near Sydney under the auspices of the Australian Council of Churches.

102. Of the non-settled new European refugees, nearly 2,000 were awaiting assistance towards their resettlement at the end of 1963. The number of these refugees has been increasing since the beginning of 1964, and an allocation of $250,000 for the promotion of their resettlement has accordingly been included in the UNHCR current programme for 1964.

LOCAL INTERGRATION

103. The 1,896 refugees who received direct assistance from UNHCR under the current programme of course represent only a portion of the total number of applicants for assistance. In view of the financial limitations of the programme, and taking into account the primary responsibility of countries of residence for assistance to refugees, priority was given to those whose needs could only be fully met through assistance.

104. The majority, i.e., nearly 1,000 were assisted in Austria and France, and most of the others in the Federal Republic of Germany and Greece. Most of them needed mainly housing and establishment assistance. This latter form of aid consists in providing the refugees with the necessary tools and equipment to enable them to obtain gainful employment. It may also sometimes include provision of a limited amount of furniture, without which the refugees could not derive the full benefit of the new accommodation given them. A considerable number, i.e., over 200, were assisted through training and education, most of them in Austria. Assistance was also given to come seventy non-rehabilitable physically handicapped refugees, mainly in Greece and Italy, who have been granted annuities.

105. In Latin America, most of the 319 refugees assisted were persons in the higher age group who would become completely destitute if they were not given some assistance towards their housing and establishment.

106. In addition to the projects financed under the UNHCR Current Programme, special contributions made it possible to finance operations outside the programme, which help to bridge the gap between the total requirements of the non-settled refugees and their minimum needs mention should be made in this connexion of the special housing loan fund set up for refugees in France with the financial participation of the French authorities and of a private bank, which was made possible through a $100,000 contribution from the proceeds of the sale of the record "All-Star Festival". The object of the fund was to grant loans at a low rate of interest to enable badly-housed refugee families to obtain adequate accommodation. The investment made by UNHCR so far has resulted in the acquisition of some 100 dwellings representing a total sum of approximately $800,000. As the UNHCR contribution to the fund is used on a revolving basis, more refugees will be able to benefit in the future once reimbursements have started.

107. While all the above measures have made it possible to help the refugees most in need during 1963, new cases are emerging daily, and further provision for local integration has therefore been included in the 1964 Programme in an amount of $420,000.

LEGAL ASSISTANCE

108. In 1963, legal assistance was given to nearly 6,500 refugees at a cost of $91,467. This type of assistance has again proved its value in that it greatly facilitates the achievement of permanent solutions by helping refugees to overcome legal or administrative difficulties. Nearly half of the beneficiaries of this type of assistance are in the Federal Republic of Germany where a highly developed system of legislation enables that part of the refugee population which originally entered the country as forced labour to benefit from certain pension rights which, when obtained, obviate the need for any other form of material assistance. Another sizeable number of refugees (1,500) benefited from legal assistance in Iran, where legal assistance activities were directed towards their naturalization. Nearly 400 refugee seamen covered by the 1957 Agreement Relating to Refugee Seamen benefited from the activities of counselling services made available in the port of Rotterdam in order to enable them to regularize their status and to facilitate their admission to the countries with which they have their closest ties. A considerable number of refugees also benefited from this form of assistance in Austria and in Latin America where the expert help given to them has contributed towards the consolidation of their economic and social position and thus reduced the risk that they might again require international help.

109. Allocation amounting to a total of $92,500 for this purpose have been included in the 1964 programme.

SUPPLEMENTARY AID

110. As under previous programmes, a limited amount, i.e., $19,017 was used to give supplementary aid to the most needy cases until such time as a more permanent solution could be found to their problems. Over 1,400 refugees were so assisted. Taking into consideration increased needs in certain countries, an allocation of up to $50,000 was included for this type of assistance in the UNHCR Programme for 1964.

C. Cuban refugees

GENERAL DEVELOPMENTS

111. At the beginning of 1963, there were an estimated 9,000 Cuban refugees living in Spain, between 20,000 and 30,000 in various Latin American countries, and towards the end of that year some 260,000 had entered the United States, of whom nearly 170,000 had registered for assistance. In Spain, where the Office of the High Commissioner had already previously concerned itself with this problem, and in Latin America, the High Commissioner has been called upon to lend his good offices to assist the Governments concerned in dealing with the problem with a view to preventing it from growing into unmanageable proportions. In the United States, the Government, assisted by numerous voluntary agencies, has assumed the full burden of assistance for these refugees.

ASSISTANCE IN 1963

112. In accordance with the general pattern of the current programme, the High Commissioner's functions have been limited to bringing the problem to the attention of the international community and to giving limited assistance where this could not be provided by the Government or voluntary agencies in the country of residence of these refugees.

113. In conjunction with ICEM, the Office is seeking to facilitate solutions to the problems of these refugees. Within the total of $98,600, $71,600 was allocated from the UNHCR current programme, and $27,000 from other sources[4] for assistance to these refugees in 1963.

114. In Spain, where the Government and local voluntary agencies are making a considerable effort to assist the refugees, three projects were put into effect under the current programme in order to assist the neediest among them. Under these projects, 1,175 refugees received temporary shelter pending their resettlement, and benefited from counselling services. Under a second project, a students' hostel was equipped through UNHCR assistance so that it could accommodate over forty Cuban refugees. Under a third project, over 150 refugees, mostly compassionate cases, were resettled from Spain with the co-operation of ICEM. Furthermore, the High Commissioner encouraged the offer to Cuban refugees in Spain of similar employment opportunities in other European countries as those given to Spanish nationals.

115. In Latin America, projects were put into effect under the current programme at a cost of $60,000, whereby 1,930 Cuban refugees were resettled through migration, with a view to joining relatives and friends. In addition, a small number of these refugees were assisted in establishing themselves in their country of residence.

116. In the United States, the government has provided the Cuban refugees with all the basic necessities. By the end of 1963, over 71,000 of them had been resettled in various parts of the United States while a limited number had been resettled in twenty-four European and Latin American countries where they had an opportunity of establishing themselves. The 100,000 registered in the Miami region were receiving assistance under the United States programme for Cuban refugees which, up to the beginning of 1964, amounted to not far from $100 million.

117. The High Commissioner has also been called upon to facilitate the resettlement of a limited number of Cuban refugees who wished to emigrate from the United States to Latin America, where they would be able to find more appropriate employment opportunities, taking into account their professional qualifications and previous training as well, of course, as the question of language.

ASSISTANCE UNDER THE 1964 PROGRAMME

118. The limited participation of UNHCR in the work of assistance for Cuban refugees went some way to solve their problems in 1963. It would seem, however, that particularly in Spain and Latin America, further efforts will be required in order to keep abreast of the growing number of these refugees.

119. The Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme therefore decided to include an allocation of $159,000 in the 1964 Programme for two projects for assistance to these refugees in Spain. One of these will enable the refugees to receive the advice and guidance of qualified social workers. Under the other, a fund for permanent solutions will be set up, through which some of the refugees will be established in crafts and trades, others will be given vocational training and some fifty aged refugees will be provided with a small annuity . aid will also be made available, mainly for destitute refugees, upon their arrival in Spain, and will consist primarily of the provision of shelter.

120. As regards Latin America, the Committee decided that the Cuban refugees should benefit from a share in a combined project of $420,000 for assistance to refugees in that area. Of this amount, $250,000 is to be available for individual solutions, such as the provision of housing, establishment in agriculture, establishment in professions, crafts and trades, and the provision of scholarships, and an amount of $150,000 has been allocated for group solutions, such as the creation and extension of old-age homes, the establishment of annuity schemes, and the promotion of facilities for the care of the chronically and mentally ill; while $20,000 is to be used to provide refugees with legal assistance.

D. Assistance to former Algerian refugees

121. A full account of the operation undertaken by UNHCR jointly with the League of Red Cross Societies of Algerian refugees in Morocco and Tunisia, and which was successfully completed in June 1962, is contained in the report of the High Commissioner to the eighteenth session of the General Assembly (A/5511/Rev.1). Prior to the completion of that operation, the General Assembly, in resolution 1672 (XVI), requested the High Commissioner to consider the possibility of facilitating the resettlement of the refugees in their homeland as soon as circumstances permitted. Pursuant to this resolution, the High Commissioner sought to ensure continuity between the joint operations of the League of Red Cross Societies and UNHCR in Morocco and Tunisia, and the more extensive operation subsequently undertaken by the League in Algeria.

122. At the time of the repatriation of the refugees in June 1962, the High Commissioner appealed to the international community for funds. As a result of the generous response to that appeal, substantial sums remained after the repatriation had been completed. In accordance with the General Assembly's directives, therefore, the High Commissioner used these funds to support the measures taken in Algeria to assist the displaced population including the former refugees. These funds, together with contributions and pledges received subsequently for the benefit of former Algerian refugees, ultimately reached a total of $1,241, 000 which form part of the contributions channelled through UNHCR for operations outside its programmes. UNHCR was therefore able to transmit to the League of Red Cross Societies some $755,000 for its relief action in Algeria, and to make available a further amount of $423,000 as follows: at the request of the Government of Algeria and the League of Red Cross Societies, over $103,000 to the Algerian Red Crescent Society which undertook responsibility for continuing and developing certain aspects of the League's activities in Algeria, including the opening of milk stations and dispensaries; $80,000 to a number of voluntary agencies which are assisting the destitute, including many former Algerian refugees, and a further sum of $240,000 through the United Nations technical assistance office in Algeria to the Algerian Government for large-scale rehabilitation and reconstruction work in the area of residence of the displaced population, including in particular the establishment of educational centres and dispensaries. A further sum of $61,950 has been pledged or announced but not yet paid to UNHCR, and this amount will be used when available for projects which the United Nations technical assistance office in Algeria is now considering, in conjunction with the Algerian Government.

E. Refugees from Angola

123. An account of the programme of assistance undertaken by the High Commissioner pursuant to General Assembly resolution 1671 (XVI) for some 150,000 refugees from Angola in the Congo (Leopoldville) was given in the reports to the seventeenth and eighteenth sessions of the General Assembly (A/5211/Rev.1 and A/5511/Rev.1). Following the completion of that programme in 1962 limited assistance continued to be provided by voluntary agencies on an individual basis to those among the original 150,000 refugees who were not self-supporting, or who had subsequently become unsettled. This assistance was continued during 1963. At the same time the refugees benefited from general measures of assistance undertaken for the population in the area, and UNHCR, in co-operation with ONUC, kept a close watch on the situation in an effort to forestall the development of any serious new problems.

124. Further projects were put into effect by two voluntary agencies with a view to assisting some 13,000 Angolan refugees, including a certain number of newcomers, to establish themselves in agriculture.

125. Under the first of these projects, which was completed in March 1963, some 7,5000 refugees who had had an unsuccessful harvest, were assisted by the Congo Protestant Relief Agency (CPRA) through the provision of tools and additional seeds.

126. Under the second project, which was put into effect in the course of 1963 by CARITAS Congo, provision was made for the transportation of a few thousand refugees to a new settlement area within the Congo, where necessary land, tools and seeds would be made available to enable them to establish themselves in agriculture. A limited number of refugees availed themselves of the opportunities offered under this project, to which UNHCR contributed some $11,500 under the current programme for 1963.

127. In the course of 1963, the High Commissioner was able to give further, limited, support for assistance to Angolan refugees, mostly for medical care and educational assistance.

128. The High Commissioner thus provided financial assistance in an amount of $2,000 to the Congolese Red Cross towards the programme for the settlement of 800 refugees who had been evacuated from an island in the Congo River which was in danger of being flooded.

129. The High Commissioner further provided $12,200 towards the enlargement of a dispensary at Kibentele and towards the building of six dispensaries in the Province of Congo Centrale where the majority of Angolan refugees are living.

130. In order to extend the benefit of existing educational facilities to the refugees, the High Commissioner also agreed to make a contribution of $19,200 to two projects put into effect by the Congo Protestant Relief Agency and CARITAS Congo, for the establishment of a vocational training school, in which places will be reserved for refugees, and for the building of simple schools for primary education in areas where large numbers of refugees are living.

131. The total of funds committed by UNHCR under the current programme for 1963 for assistance to refugees from Angola in the Congo (Leopoldville) amounted to $44,911.

F. Refugees from Rwanda

MAIN DEVELOPMENTS

132. The question of refugees from Rwanda still remains the most critical problem facing the Office of the High Commissioner in Africa. As stated in the report presented by the High Commissioner to the General Assembly at its eighteenth session there were, in February 1963, some 130,000 refugees from Rwanda in Burundi, the North and Central Kivu provinces of the Congo (Leopoldville), Tanganyika and Uganda, of whom some 95,000 required further assistance towards their local settlement at that time. These refugees were being established in agriculture under programmes launched by, or with the co-operation of the local government authorities, UNHCR and the League of Red Cross Societies, at the request of the Governments directly concerned.

133. In the course of 1963 a total amount of $3,169,000 was made available from all sources for assistance to the refugees from Rwanda. This amount includes $679,150 allocated from the current programme,$38,100 from the Emergency Fund and $63,000 from funds made available to the High Commissioner for projects outside the current programme. The amount of $3,169,000 also included substantial contributions from the Governments of the countries of asylum in the form of land and other services, large-scale bilateral aid from the Government of the United states, as well as assistance in cash and in kind, and services from the League of Red cross Societies, other voluntary agencies and religious missions operating in the area, as shown in annex III to this report.

134. In the course of 1963 continued progress has been made in all areas of operation in promoting the local settlement of the refugees. Towards the end of 1963, unfortunate events took place which were to affect the whole problem of Rwandese refugees. A group of refugees attempted an unsuccessful attack against Rwanda. This event was followed by a new exodus of refugees from Rwanda into Burundi and Uganda. As a result, the number of refugees from Rwanda increased by approximately 20,000 as shown in the following table:

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135. The new refugees placed an increased burden on the Governments of the receiving countries which requested UNHCR assistance in dealing with this problem. Pursuant to the provisions of his Statute, the High Commissioner concentrated his efforts on the resulting humanitarian problem and every effort was made by his Representatives in the field to ensure that the necessary relief was given to these refugees.

136. At its second special session held at the end of January 1964, the Committee considered the problem of new refugees from Rwanda and expressed in particular deep concern at the possibility that the existing difficulties might endanger international co-operative efforts in favour of these refugees. It voiced the hope that these difficulties would be settled soon enough to enable the High Commissioner to pursue his humanitarian task for the benefit of these refugees. It authorized an allocation of $100,000 within the $2.6 million financial target of the 1964 programme to enable the High Commissioner to assist in the financing of immediate emergency relief for the new refugees from Rwanda in Burundi and Uganda and authorized the High Commissioner to draw up further projects for assistance to these refugees.

137. In the course of the eleventh session, the observer from Rwanda stated that his Government had made the necessary arrangements to receive those Rwandese refugees who wished to return to their country of origin. As for the other refugees, his Government would like to encourage them to go to work and lead a peaceful existence in the neighbouring countries which had so generously admitted them. He expressed appreciation for the asylum policy followed by the host Governments and for the demonstration of international solidarity through which the necessary assistance was being given to the refugees concerned. A tribute was paid by the Executive Committee to the generous asylum policy followed by the Governments of countries in Africa which were admitting considerable numbers of refugees from Rwanda, and to the co-operative effort of the international community in contributing towards the financing of the work of assistance for these refugees.

138. Taking into account projects already approved by the Committee at its tenth session, those approved at the second special session and further projects approved by the Committee at its eleventh session for the local settlement of refugees from Rwanda, for their resettlement in other countries and for the consolidation of their economic and social position, allocations in a total amount of $1,623,000 were approved for assistance to these refugees, the breakdown of which may be found in annex V.

ASSISTANCE DURING 1963

139. During 1963, 58,500 refugees form Rwanda were directly assisted under UNHCR programmes while another 22,500 refugees benefited from assistance made available by Governments, voluntary agencies and religious missions on the spot. At the same time as urgent requirements for food and medical care to avoid starvation and disease continued to be met, the refugees were given land, tools and seeds to enable them to grow crops and to become self-supporting as rapidly as possible. They were also assisted in building their traditional-type dwellings and arrangements were made to improve medical care through the setting-up of dispensaries or simple clinics in or near the refugee centres. The refugees are taking full advantage of the facilities offered to them and their state of health is reasonably good.

140. It was realized at an early stage in the operation that the provision of land, seeds and tools, help in constructing dwellings, and the availability of basic medical facilities, would not in all cases be sufficient to encourage the refugees to strike roots in their new environment. As stated in the Report to the eighteenth session of the General Assembly the joint UNHCR/League programmes of assistance in Burundi and the North and Central Kivu provinces of the Congo (Leopoldville) were divided into two parts; a basic programme covering the above-mentioned types of assistance and a supplementary programme designed to help the refugees consolidate their precarious economic position. They were thus encouraged to engage in simple crafts and trades as well as other new activities such as the growing of cash crops, the breeding of poultry and hogs and the establishment of small enterprises. In Tanganyika and Uganda the Governments at first planned and carried out their own programmes with financial help from UNHCR.

141. Difficulties were encountered in the implementation of the settlement programmes in all four countries. By the middle of 1963 experience had shown that certain of the settlement areas were unsuitable for the large number of refugees, in that they could not, under the prevailing conditions, become self-supporting in those areas. The main problem was the lack of suitable land required to grow sufficient crops. New settlement centres had therefore to be established, to which refugees were moved from those centres which were overcrowded.

142. Difficulties of a psychological nature were also encountered. Many of the refugees, particularly those in Burundi and Tanganyika, felt uncertain as to their future and at first did not make full use of the opportunities offered to them. Nevertheless, progress continued to be made in all areas of operations, though rather more slowly than had been hoped for at the beginning of the year.

143. While measures for local settlement were being carried out, it became clear that in order to ensure the firm settlement of the refugees in some of the areas where they were established, it would be necessary to offer them additional opportunities within the framework of the development plans for their areas of location. The ILO. which had agreed to co-operate with UNHCR in the implementation of a regional development project similar to one successfully launched and completed by the ILO in Latin America, dispatched a mission to Kivu in the Congo (Leopoldville) and to Burundi in May 1963 to investigate the situation on the spot, and submitted plans for such projects, which were adopted by the Executive Committee subject to certain conditions in respect of the procedure to be followed for their financing and for their co-ordination with participating specialized agencies of the United Nations.

ASSISTANCE IN 1964

144. The work of assistance to refugees from Rwanda was continued during 1964 through the implementation of the local settlement projects adopted by the Executive Committee in an amount of $170,000 in the framework of the UNHCR 1964 Programme. At the same time, new projects wee put into effect for immediate relief to the new refugees from Rwanda and, at the time of writing this report, measures are being taken for the rapid implementation of the projects adopted by the Committee at its eleventh session for the settlement of these refugees. Under the "Armand Kuijpers" project[5]5, in an amount of $624,000 temporary care is being continued as from June 1964 for 13,000 refugees in Burundi; 10,000 of them will subsequently be moved by truck and boat, together with their cattle, to Tanganyika, and the remaining 3,000 will be moved to an existing settlement area in Burundi where they will receive establishment assistance. The project further provides for the movement of the above-mentioned 10,000 refugees from the Tanganyika border to the settlement area and for their local settlement in agriculture. The project also provides for the movement within Uganda of some 7,000 of the new refugees with their 10,000 head of cattle to two areas suitable for cattle-raising, and for the local settlement of the refugees in those areas.

145. Later in the year it is expected that the two projects for the consolidation of the position of Rwanda refugees in Burundi and in Kivu in the Congo (Leopoldville), within the framework of an ILO Integrated Rural Development Programme, will be put into effect as described in more detail in the country sections below.

DEVELOPMENTS IN BURUNDI

146. The relief and settlement operation in Burundi, carried out by the League of Red Cross Societies, was begun in June 1962 and was originally planned for a period of six months. It was later extended until 30 June 1963 in order to give the refugees sufficient time to harvest the crops they needed to become self-supporting. The programme provided for the settlement of some 15,000 refugees in agriculture in three centres in eastern Burundi. The Government subsequently admitted a further number of refugees and their cattle to the centres, so that by the end of 1963 they were accommodating some 21,000 refugees.

147. The League of red Cross societies carried out a basic programme aimed at enabling the refugees to reach a minimum subsistence level of living as soon as possible, as well as a supplementary programme designed to consolidate their settlement and to offer them an opportunity to participate to some extent in the future development of their country of asylum.

148. By 30 June 1963, when the League of Red Cross Societies withdrew from the operation, the basic vital needs of the 21,000 refugees in the centres had largely been met. Each refugee family was by that time cultivating an average of one to one and a half acres of land; they had access to dispensaries and their children could benefit from simple educational facilities.

149. The joint operation represented a truly international effort. The Government of Burundi made an important contribution by providing land for the settlement of the refugees, while assistance was forthcoming from the Government of the United States which provided a major part of the food requirements. The costs involved in transporting the refugees and the food supplies was met partly out of the balance of $168,000 made available by the Government of Belgium for assistance to the refugees from Rwanda before Burundi had acquired independence Tools and seeds were provided by FAO and the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief, and medical supplies and medical supplies and ambulance services by the League of Red Cross Societies. Effective support was given by various groups of missionaries, particularly in arranging for the education of refugee children.

150. the Government of Burundi took over the management of the three settlement centres in early July 1936. at the request of the Government, the Office of the High Commissioner continued to provide assistance to ensure the consolidation of the settlement of the refugees. This assistance covered the cost of transportation of food made available by the United States Government and of an extra provision of necessary seeds. In addition, the Office contributed towards expenses connected with the distribution of food and the operating of trucks, ambulances and water tankers until March 1964. Funds were also made available for some self-help projects such as the raising of chickens and the planting of cash crops, and supplementary aid was provided for individual hardship cases.

151. During,1963 UNHCR provided a total of $142,500 in cash towards meeting the costs of the joint operation with the League in Burundi. Following the assumption of responsibility for the refugee centres by the Government of Burundi, the High Commissioner made available a further amount of $62,650. Both the above-mentioned allocations were committed within the framework of the 1963 current programme. An additional amount of $31,500 was contributed to UNHCR by the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief for operations outside the programme, thus bringing the combined total of funds committed by UNHCR in Burundi during 1963 to $236,650.

152. As mentioned above, a number of refugees from Rwanda attempted in November and December 1963 to return by force to Rwanda. While this unavoidably created a certain unrest in the three refugee settlements in Burundi, the work in these centres nevertheless continued constructively. The maintenance of law and order being the responsibility of the Government, the High Commissioner drew the attention of the Government of Burundi to the fact that his work could only be carried out effectively if peace and stability reigned in the area.

153. As a result of these events, there was a new influx of some 10,000 refugees from Rwanda in Burundi and the Government requested the High Commissioner's assistance in dealing with this new problem. The Government stated that the over-populated country could not absorb this additional number of refugees and requested UNHCR's good offices to find another country of asylum for them.

154. A further amount of $20.000 had already been allocated within the 1964 Programme towards the local settlement of the refugees already living in Burundi. Pursuant to decisions taken by the Executive Committee at its second special and eleventh sessions, an amount of $50,000 was made available for immediate relief to the new refugees from Rwanda in the early part of 1964, and an amount of $80,000 was subsequently allocated in the framework of the "Armand Kuijpers" project in order to achieve solutions to the problems of these refugees through the settlement of some of them in Burundi and the resettlement of the others in Tanganyika. Under the Emergency programme which was put into effect at the beginning of the year, they were provided with food, blankets and other essentials. Furthermore, the Government of Tanganyika generously acceded to the request addressed to it by the High Commissioner for the admission of 10,000 new Rwanda refugees who could not be settled in Burundi. The refugees will be transported by road to Bujumbura, where they will embark on lake steamers for Kigoma in Tanganyika. From there, they will go by rail and road to the settlement area (which will take three or four days). During the movement, food rations will be provided. It is expected that the movement of the entire 10,000 refugees will be completed by August or September 1964. Some 3,000 refugees, together with their cattle, will be moved from their present location in Burundi to Kigamba, in one of the three existing settlement centres in Burundi, where they will be settled. Provision has been made in the project for the transportation of the refugees to the centre, their installation, the supply of seeds and tools, establishment of a dispensary with equipment and medicaments and a simple school, as well as relief supplies.

155. A further project, planned in co-operation between UNHCR and the ILO within the framework of an ILO onal development and integration programme for one area in Burundi, is intended to benefit some 24,000 of the Rwanda refugees in Burundi along with the local inhabitants of the area concerned, numbering some 29,000. The aim of the project is to improve conditions of life in the area, to consolidate the position of the refugees, and to raise productivity in order to obtain surpluses which can be absorbed by the national economy. to achieve this end assistance will be given to farmers and stock breeders, community centres will be established and public works serving the economic interests of the community as a whole, as for example, the draining of an extensive swampland, will be undertaken. A handicraft centre is proposed, and encouragement will be given to small-scale rural industries. The total amount required for the over-all ILO project is estimated at $635,000. Since about one half of the persons to be assisted are refugees, UNHCR might participate to about one half of the identified costs. Through the generosity of a British voluntary agency, an amount of over $157,000 was available to UNHCR as at 31 March 1964 which can be used for this project in 1964. The Executive Committee, at its eleventh session, approved an allocation of $160,000 to cover the balance of the cost in the framework of the 1965 Programme.

DEVELOPMENTS IN THE NORTH AND CENTRAL KIVU PROVINCES OF THE CONGO (LEOPOLDVILLE)

156. On 1 January 1963, it was estimated that of the 60,000 refugees from Rwanda loving in the North and Central Kivu Provinces of the Congo (Leopoldville), some 28,000 still required assistance from the international community in order to become self-supporting. These refugees were established in the settlement centres of Bibwe, Ihula in North Kivu, Lemera-Mulenge and Kalonge in Central Kivu where land had been made available by the Government. By arrangement with the Congolese authorities and at the request of UNHCR, the League of Red Cross Societies acted as the operational partner of UNHCR. In the two centres of Bibwe and Ihula, the settlement of some 12,500 refugees had progressed satisfactorily to the extent that they no longer required food rations during the latter part of 1963. such assistance as was given to these refugees therefore was aimed at consolidating their settlement.

157. A further 15,500 refugees were provided with assistance in the centres of Lemera-Mulenge and Kalonge. These centres, however, were found to be overcrowded to the extent that the refugees living in them could not become self-supporting, and it was necessary in the course of 1963 to establish three new centres for those refugees who did not have sufficient land to cultivate at Lemera-Mulenge and Kalonge. The movement of the refugees and the subsequent settlement operation was carried out by the League of Red Cross Societies. Particular attention was paid in the new settlement centres to initiating self-help projects as soon as possible to ensure that the refugees would quickly reach a subsistence level of existence, and if possible, surpass it. Thus, in addition to the provision of relief supplies and seeds and tools, projects such as poultry farming, community cultivation of cash crops, and small workshops for handicrafts were introduced at an early stage in the operation.

158. The High Commissioner also participated in the establishment of a boarding school at Katobwe, in Central Kivu Province, and as a result of the UNHCR contribution of $28,000, 100 places were reserved in this school for refugee students.

159. Under the current programme for 1963, a total of $330,500 was made available by UNHCR for assistance to the Rwanda refugees in the North and Central Kivu provinces, including an amount of $96,800 which was set aside to meet the cost of continuing the joint operation of UNHCR and the League of Red Cross Societies until 30 June 1964. An additional amount of $24,500 was contributed to UNHCR by the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief for assistance to the refugees outside the programme, thus bringing to $355,000 the combined total of funds committed by UNHCR during 1963 for assistance to Rwandese refugees in the North and Central Kivu provinces.

160. In the course of 1963 serious difficulties arose, particularly in North Kivu Province, between the refugee population and the local residents, which at one time threatened the stability of the entire area. The consolidation of the settlement programme for the refugees living in North Kivu Province was therefore delayed. However, measures were taken to improve relations between the refugees and the local inhabitants, and by early 1964 stability had been largely restored.

161. As a result of the conditions encountered in 1963, through the instability in North kivu and the necessary change of location of the refugees in Central Kivu, the joint UNHCR/League operation progressed less quickly than originally anticipated. The League of Red Cross Societies, therefore, agreed to continue the joint operation until 30 June 1964.

162. Further funds for the local settlement of refugees in the North and Central Kivu provinces were made available in an amount of $40,000 under the 1964 programme. Furthermore, the Executive Committee, at its eleventh session, approved a project which is to be implemented in co-operation with the ILO within the framework of the ILO Integrated Rural Development Programme for Kivu and which will offer the refugees an opportunity of overcoming their precarious living conditions, as well as taking part in the future economic development of their country of asylum. As in Burundi, both the refugees, of whom there are some 15,600 in the area covered by the project and the local inhabitants numbering some 13,000 will be assisted under the ILO plan. In this way, they will be provided with certain minimum services in the fields of education, training and social assistance. Under the project improvements will be made in the economic infrastructure, agricultural production will be increased and vocational training offered in community craft services. The project will also cover the educational needs of the refugees and provision has been made for taking over and improving the existing health programmes in the areas. The amount required from UNHCR for this project is $198,000, including $120,000 allocated within the 1964 Programme and $78,000 to be allocated within the 1965 Programme of UNHCR.

DEVELOPMENTS IN TANGANYIKA

163. At the beginning of 1963, some 12,000 refugees were being established in agriculture by the Government of Tanganyika in two settlement centres. The Government had at that time requested financial support from the High Commissioner to help meet the costs of the operation. After an on-the-spot investigation, the High Commissioner contributed $33,600 to meet urgent requirements. Additional help was forthcoming from the United States Government in the form of food supplies, while further assistance was given by FAO and UNICEF.

164. In the course of 1963 the Government of Tanganyika was faced with increasing difficulties of an administrative and technical nature in carrying out the settlement operation. It invited UNHCR to help plan and co-ordinate the task. At the High Commissioner's request the League of Red Cross Societies, in agreement with the Government, took charge of the programme for the settlement of some 8,000 refugees in the Muyenzi centre. Following a special consultation with members of the Executive Committee in July 1963, and their subsequent approval of UNHCR participation, the operation was started on 1 August 1963. By the end of 1963 the necessary seeds and tools had been provided and the refugees had planted crops. The extent to which these refugees will become self-supporting depends upon the harvest in the Spring of 1964. The operation is scheduled for completion on 30 June 1964. Its estimated cost was $140,000 in cash requirements, of which UNHCR provided $55,000 in 1963, and $50,000 in 1964, while the balance was made available by the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief.

165. In the other settlement centre at Karagwe, housing some 3,300 refugees, progress was very satisfactory. This centre is run by the Tanganyikan Government and the refugees have successfully planted crops of beans, maize, sweet potatoes and bananas and are now virtually self-supporting. Part of the cost of this settlement operation has been met from the UNHCR contribution of $33,600.

166. The total amount of funds committed by UNHCR in 1963 for assistance to refugees from Rwanda in Tanganyika amounted to $88,600.

167. A further allocation of $70,000 has been included for the local settlement of refugees from Rwanda in Tanganyika within the framework of the 1964 Programme. Following the recent influx of some 13,000 refugees from Rwanda into Burundi, and the request by the government of that country for assistance in dealing with the problem, the Government of Tanganyika generously responded to the High Commissioner's appeal by agreeing to accept some 10,000 of these refugees for settlement on its territory. Within the framework of the "Armand Kuijpers" project adopted by the Committee at its eleventh session, an allocation of $260,000 was made within the 1964 Programme to cover the cost of resettling these refugees in the Mwazi Highlands of Tanganyika. The funds will be used for the transportation of the refugees within Tanganyika, the establishment of the centre, including blankets, cooking utensils, tools and seeds, as well as a basic medical programme comprising three dispensaries, and an educational programme calling for the establishment of some thirty classrooms. An allocation of $56,000 had already been approved earlier this year to allow the Government of Tanganyika to make the necessary preparations to receive the refugees. The Lutheran World Federation, department of World Service, has agreed to co-operate with the Government of Tanganyika and UNHCR and has contributed an amount of over $80,000 towards the resettlement programme in Tanganyika.

DEVELOPMENTS IN UGANDA

168. Some 40,000 refugees were estimated to be in Uganda at the beginning of 1963, approximately 20,000 of whom were being assisted by the Government in establishing themselves in agriculture, while some 10,000 were raising cattle as they had done in Rwanda. Many of the remaining refugees had managed to settle with friends or relatives.

169. At that time the government of Uganda had provided some 10,000 refugees with land in the Oruchinga Valley and was carrying out a settlement programme by providing tools, seeds, elementary medical facilities and food supplies pending the refugees' first harvest. In the course of 1963, it became apparent that there was not sufficient land available in the Oruchinga Valley to enable all the refugees who had been settled there to become self-supporting. The Government therefore requested the assistance of UNHCR to move some 5,500 refugees to a new settlement area. By the end of 1963, this transfer was virtually completed. The High Commissioner allocated in 1963 an amount of $100,000 to help meet the costs of the programmes of the Government of Uganda in 1963.

170. In assisting the refugees, the Government of Uganda has assumed a considerable burden, in spite of its limited absorptive capacity. The problem is further complicated by the fact that the refugees brought with them over 15,000 head of cattle which require to be inoculated, at considerable cost to the local authorities, if they are not to become a source of disease for the cattle already in camp. For the 10,000 refugees who brought these cattle with them, the Government had to find an area with suitable grazing land, and it was subsequently decided that they should settle in the Lake Nakivali area which, though handicapped by the presence of tsetse fly, was considered to be the best land available. Before the refugees could be moved in to this area, however, a programme had to be put into effect for the clearing of the tsetse fly which is an involved and costly operation. The Government has undertaken to clear the entire area of sixty-eight square miles by using tractors dragging lines of chains to uproot all brushwood and trees in the area, and subsequently to burn them in order to destroy the tsetse fly egg. By the end of 1963 good progress had been made with this programme, but it will only be completed in the course of 1964.

171. In addition to the allocation of $40,000 included in the 1964 Programme towards the local settlement of refugees in Uganda, an amount of $117,000 was allocated within this programme at the beginning of 1964, including $100,000 to help the Government to meet the cost of clearing the Lake Nakivali area from tsetse flies-the total cost of which is estimated at $200,000, and $17,000 for the repair and consolidation of the water supply system in the Oruchinga Valley by repairing the gap which had occurred in the natural barrier of the lake and reinforcing the irrigation channels.

172. Further international support for the work of assistance to the refugees in Uganda became necessary at the beginning of 1964, particularly in view of the new influx of 7,000 refugees resulting from the events in Rwanda, and of another new problem of refugees in Uganda. In response to requests for further assistance put forward by the Government of Uganda, the High Commissioner submitted to the Executive Committee a plan which was adopted, for the local settlement of these 7,000 refugees at a cost of $320,000. This plan envisages the movement of the refugees to the Toro and Bunyoro area from the Oruchinga Valley, where they are at present temporarily housed, a temporary relief programme, which has already been instituted with the allocation of $50,000 authorized by the Executive Committee at its second special session, the movement of the refugees to their new settlement areas, the distribution of rations, the purchase of blankets, provision of seeds, tools and vehicles, the inoculation of some 10,000 cattle which the refugees brought with them, and the clearing of tsetse fly from the new grazing areas.

173. An allocation of $20,000 was also authorized for assistance in the field of education.

G. Chinese refugees

CHINESE REFUGEES IN HONG KONG

174. It will be recalled that the General Assembly, in resolutions 1167(XII) and 1784 (XVII), expressed its concern over the situation of Chinese refugees in Hong Kong and requested the High Commissioner to use his good offices on their behalf.

175. The Government of Hong Kong has undertaken the main responsibility for assisting responsibility for assisting Chinese refugees and for integrating them into the economic and social life of the community. Pursuant to the above-mentioned resolutions, the High Commissioner continued on 1963 to channel to the Hong Kong Government contributions to be used for projects benefiting Chinese refugees. The Hong Kong Government has pursued the large-scale housing and economic integration programme which was started several years ago, and from which refugees benefit on the same basis as local residents.

176. In 1963, an amount of $452,678 was made available to the High Commissioner for assistance projects for Chinese refugees in Hong Kong. This sum was transmitted to the Hong Kong Government. It includes $268,817 for the building of an infirmary, $70,559 for the construction of a TB sanatorium, $28,000 for the building of a village community centre, $25,000 for the extension of a "sea-school" and $22,660 for the government-administered revolving loan fund for assistance to refugees in their establishment in agriculture. In addition, funds were made available for the transportation of forty-four Chinese refugee orphans to New Zealand and the resettlement of ten Chinese refugees in Colombia.

CHINESE REFUGEES IN MACAO

177. At the end of 1963, it was estimated that 70,000 refugees were living in Macao, approximately 35 per cent of the total population of the territory. The proportion of unfit, unskilled and handicapped persons among the refugees is very high, owing to the fact that many of the able-bodied have been able to move to neighbouring areas offering better possibilities of employment.

178. Owing to the very high population density, one of the greatest problems facing the lower income categories in Macao, to which the majority of refugees belong, is housing. In order to improve the situation, however, employment possibilities need to be increased in order that these people have adequate means of subsistence.

179. Great efforts have been made by the government of Macao, church and religious organizations as well as voluntary agencies to cope, very often on limited means, with this refugee problem. While the Government allocates a substantial percentage of its annual budget to welfare activities, the private agencies provide for food and other relief supplies and support the efforts of the authorities in the field of education, vocational training and medical assistance. Due to the magnitude of the problem, it has so far not proved possible to undertake projects aimed at real rehabilitation of local settlement of the refugees.

180. A contribution of $22,050 received in 1963 towards assistance to these refugees was channelled, in accordance with the wish of the donor, to a governmental mission in Macao.

181. Pursuant to a request from the government, the High Commissioner investigated the position of the refugees and considered the measures of assistance to which he might usefully contribute with a view to facilitating their settlement. On the basis of this study, the High Commissioner submitted to the Executive Committee at its eleventh session projects in an amount of $259,000 for the local integration of the Chinese refugees in Macao. These projects provide inter alia for the building of fishing-boats, the development of certain areas where the refugees can be settled, the provision of housing and the extension of a social rehabilitation centre, so that it can be used for the refugees.

182. Towards the above mentioned total of $259,000 UNHCR has already received over $45,000. in addition, the Executive Committee approved an immediate allocation of $100,000 under the 1964 Programme to enable the projects to be started forthwith. The remainder will be financed through fund-raising efforts or through a further allocation from the 1964 or 1965 Programme.

H. Tibetan refugees

REFUGEES IN NEPAL

183. In 1963, the High Commissioner continued to follow closely the problem of refugees from Tibet in Nepal. The International Committee of the Red Cross had concerned itself actively with this problem from June 1960 until May 1963. Since then this group of refugees benefited greatly from technical assistance provided by the Government of Switzerland in cooperation with the Swiss Red Cross under bilateral arrangements.

184. At the beginning of 1964, the High Commissioner was asked by the Government of Nepal to investigate the position of these refugees with a view to lending his good offices in favour of arrangements for assistance being given them.

185. According to the best available estimates, there were, early in 1964, some 11,000 Tibetan refugees in Nepal including 4,000 in the northern part of the country, whom it is very difficult to reach;3,700 living on the Nepalese borders to the north and north-east of Kathmandu, who are in immediate need of assistance, and 3,300 who receive assistance in the form of medical care, food and welfare from the Swiss Red Cross. In addition, the Swiss Association for Technical assistance is helping some thousand of the latter group in becoming self-supporting by organizing technical training for them in carpet-weaving, cotton-spinning, boot-making, building and agriculture.

186. As the High Commissioner informed the Executive Committee at its eleventh session, it is proposed that the Nepalese Red Cross should undertake a relief operation for group of 3,700 refugees north and north-east of Kathmandu, and the Swiss Association for Technical Assistance had declared itself prepared to extend its training programme as far as possible to these refugees in order to assist them in becoming self-supporting.

187. For the time being, the High Commissioner has reserved an amount of $50,000 from his Emergency Fund for the Tibetan refugees in case it should be required.

REFUGEES IN INDIA

188. Towards the end of 1963, agreement was reached with the Government of India, according to which proceeds from the sale of the "All-Star Festival" records in India and part of the proceeds in other countries would be used for the benefit of groups of refugees in India. Any outside support which UNHCR, under its good offices, may be able to stimulate for projects in favour of refugees from Tibet would be considered welcome by the Indian authorities.

189. An amount of $100,000 is being reserved by the High Commissioner from the proceeds of sales of "All-Star Festival" records in other countries for Tibetan refugees in India. It is envisaged that this amount will be transmitted partly to the Central Relief Committee in India, and partly to the Indian Red Cross, on the basis of projects to be received from these organizations.

CHAPTER V FINANCING OF UNHCR ACTIVITIES

General observations

190. The financing of UNHCR activities in 1963 reflected the changes that had taken place in the work of this Office.

191. In 1962, when the new problems of refugees appeared, assistance for the solution of their problems was financed from funds contributed outside the Programme. It was in 1963, for the first time, that provision could be made for these groups within the framework of the annual Programme. An amount of $800,000, within the over-all target of $1,400,000 for the new groups of refugees. In addition they also benefited from the major part of the funds made available to UNHCR for operations outside its regular programmes.</