{"id":4097,"date":"2023-02-24T11:50:48","date_gmt":"2023-02-24T11:50:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/complementary-pathways-guidance\/?page_id=4097"},"modified":"2025-04-03T12:16:07","modified_gmt":"2025-04-03T12:16:07","slug":"5-key-protection-principles","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/complementary-pathways-guidance\/5-key-protection-principles\/","title":{"rendered":"3. Protection considerations, key principles and eligibility"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Title Section&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.22.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#0072BC&#8221; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/complementary-pathways-guidance\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/159\/2023\/10\/bkg-chapter5.jpg&#8221; min_height=&#8221;500px&#8221; background_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; use_background_color_gradient_phone=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color_gradient_stops_phone=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.77) 0%|rgba(0,0,0,0.35) 39%&#8221; background_color_gradient_overlays_image_phone=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color_gradient_start_phone=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.47)&#8221; background_color_gradient_end_phone=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.77)&#8221; background_position_phone=&#8221;center&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; positioning=&#8221;absolute&#8221; position_origin_a=&#8221;bottom_center&#8221; position_origin_r=&#8221;bottom_left&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||40px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.22.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; max_width=&#8221;800px&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; header_font_size_phone=&#8221;40px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1>3. Protection considerations, key principles and eligibility<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; positioning=&#8221;absolute&#8221; position_origin_a=&#8221;bottom_center&#8221; position_origin_r=&#8221;bottom_left&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||7px|||&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text module_class=&#8221;caption&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.22.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>\u00a9 UNHCR\/Antoine Tardy<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.22.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#F4F4F4&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.22.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text module_class=&#8221;pullintro&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>It is important to integrate several <a href=\"#A\">protection principles<\/a> in complementary pathways programme design, to enhance protection outcomes and help refugees <a href=\"#B\">avoid the risks of irregular<\/a> and unsafe movement. Complementary pathways are also accessible on the basis of skills and experience, family and community links and other factors, while a <a href=\"#C\">broader approach<\/a> is needed to eligibility confirmation that is not exclusively linked to refugee status determination.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; module_id=&#8221;A&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>Key protection principles in complementary pathways<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Mainstreaming the below protection principles listed in no particular order of importance will allow to maximize the protection impact of complementary pathways.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.22.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.22.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_accordion icon_color=&#8221;#424242&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; toggle_text_color=&#8221;#0072BC&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;1. Agency and self-reliance&#8221; open=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Complementary pathways help enhance refugee self-reliance and support refugees to attain a durable solution in the future. This is particularly the case for education and employment opportunities; by harnessing refugees\u2019 qualifications and providing them with opportunities to learn new skills, acquire more knowledge and showcase their capabilities, these pathways make refugees better able to contribute to their own future solutions. Work around pathways focuses on establishing systems that are sufficiently flexible and accessible so that refugees can use them without intermediaries. That, in turn, may enable them to make decisions and utilize their skills and knowledge to shape their future.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;2. Protection against refoulement&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; open=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Systems and procedures need to be put in place by destination and departure States to guarantee protection from refoulement for refugees accessing complementary pathways including by:<br \/>a) Providing access to multi-trip <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/complementary-pathways-guidance\/7-travel-documents\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">machine readable refugee travel documents<\/a>\u2014and the ability to renew them at the embassies of issuing countries.<br \/>b) Ensuring that those travelling under complementary pathways have meaningful access to asylum in receiving countries without time limits. When refugees are unable to return to their first country of asylum and have not managed to secure their stay through legal means in their complementary pathways country, they need to be able to seek asylum and remain in the third country as long as they are in need of international protection.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;3. Progressive approach to solutions&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; open=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>While solutions-oriented, complementary pathways do not always lead refugees directly to a solution. In some cases, a refugee may choose to relocate for study to one country and then move to a different one for an opportunity through a legal pathway with a temporary legal status (work or study permit) before becoming eligible for permanent residency and eventually citizenship\u2014 thus allowing them to cease their refugee status. In others, the pathway opportunity may allow the refugee and their family to continue with their lives in relative peace while awaiting return to their home country and the chance to contribute to the rebuilding effort using the skills and savings gained. Refugees who arrive in third countries on legal pathways with a temporary legal status linked to employment or education often must navigate steps towards permanent residence and naturalization to extend their stay.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;4. Additionality to asylum and resettlement&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; open=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>The right to seek asylum is a fundamental human right for which complementary pathways cannot substitute. By definition, complementary pathways are accessible on the basis of skills and experience, family and community links and other factors, while resettlement offers a solution to those with acute needs that cannot be met in the countries of first asylum. Complementary pathways should lead to an overall net increase in the number of people accessing third-country solutions without jeopardizing or replacing resettlement quotas that offer solutions based on protection needs and specific vulnerabilities.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;5. Family unity&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; open=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Preserving family unity should be at the core of the design of complementary pathways, ideally by ensuring that family members can travel together or reunite without delays through family reunification procedures with refugee-specific concessions. This applies to situations of longer-term relocation or permanent settlement through complementary pathways. For shorter-term opportunities, same rules that apply to work\/student migrants should apply to refugees.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;6. Non-discrimination&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; open=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Complementary pathways are based on the premise that refugees should have equal access to regular migration opportunities, without discrimination on the basis of their status as refugees. It is equally important that pathways are based on objective criteria and are accessible without distinction such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Ensuring equal access for all refugees should inform the expansion of complementary pathways. This can mean introducing specific quotas for women and others, adjusting eligibility criteria to promote greater parity, and working at community level to challenge gender norms and obstacles relevant to specific individuals and groups.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;7. Protection from exploitation and access to rights, services and justice&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; open=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Destination countries are obliged to provide minimum standards of treatment for refugees. These include access to protection, personal status and legal documentation, education, work rights, social security and public relief, health, housing, freedom of movement, religion and access to courts. Refugees travelling on complementary pathways also need access to justice, including fair hiring and employment practices, occupational health and safety, freedom from discrimination, exploitation and other risks, irrespective of their legal status. It is equally important that they receive targeted support upon arrival and ongoing social and legal support until a longer-term or durable solution is found.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;8. Best interests of the Child&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; open=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Complementary pathways must be child-sensitive and incorporate appropriate child-focused protection safeguards. They should be grounded on the principle of the best interests of the child and on the protection and fulfilment of the rights of the child.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;9. Protecting personal data&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; open=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>UNHCR, governments and other actors need to understand their legal obligations vis-\u00e0-vis individual data subjects. Apart from obtaining consent and informing individuals, safe storage and transfer, retention and deletion of data are all important considerations. All actors should also implement organizational and technical measures of data and information security (e.g. encryption). Such a &#8220;privacy by design and by default&#8221; approach enables the safe processing of data and contributes to successful programming. All personal data processing by UNHCR needs to comply with applicable data protection rules, mainly UNHCR\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/policy\/strategy\/unhcr\/2022\/en\/124207\">General Policy on Personal Data Protection and Privacy<\/a> (GDPP) and implementing instruments. Data-sharing agreements between departure and destination States and, where applicable, UNHCR should be set in place when UNHCR is requested to share individual data, owned by the country of first asylum (in situations of government registration and asylum procedures for status issuance).<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;10. Inclusion of refugees\u2019 perspectives in design, monitoring and evaluation &#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; open=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>The integration of refugees\u2019 perspectives in the design and implementation of complementary pathways is key to ensuring that their specific situation is taken into account. Regular feedback mechanisms and consultations with refugees can ensure that pathways are appropriate, safe, scalable and accessible for them.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; module_id=&#8221;B&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#F4F4F4&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.22.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; header_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3d3d3d\">Complementary pathways and the Route-Based Approach\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;3_5,2_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #3d3d3d\">UNHCR\u2019s shift towards an operational Route-Based Approach (RBA) that plans around and responds to the entirety of a refugee\u2019s journey focuses on reception, asylum systems, inclusion, development action, return and complementary pathways.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #3d3d3d\">There is wide recognition that work opportunities and family unity imperatives drive much irregular movement\u2014including onward movement from countries of first asylum. Greater access to complementary pathways and family reunification may serve as a deterrent for irregular and unsafe movement, thus helping refugees to avoid traffickers and other risks along the route.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #3d3d3d\">As such, supporting and lifting obstacles from the use of complementary pathways at the origins of and along mixed migration routes is one of UNHCR\u2019s key protection priorities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/complementary-pathways-guidance\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/159\/2024\/11\/RBA-pillars.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;Route-based approach pillars&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Route-based approach pillars&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/policy\/strategy\/unhcr\/2024\/en\/148087&#8243; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; button_text=&#8221;Learn more&#8221; button_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; module_id=&#8221;C&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;RGBA(255,255,255,0)&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.22.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; header_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3d3d3d\">Who can access complementary pathways?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #3d3d3d\">To qualify for complementary pathways, <strong>refugees need to show skills, experience, language capacity or have family members in other countries.<\/strong> They also are often required to prove their international protection needs. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 19px;color: #3d3d3d\">However<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 19px;color: #3d3d3d\">, many persons in need of international protection <\/span><strong style=\"font-size: 19px;color: #3d3d3d\">may not have access to asylum procedures or may not be able to have their international protection needs recognized in a timely manner <\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 19px;color: #3d3d3d\">(ex. in States without an asylum framework or asylum procedures, or in States with asylum procedures facing processing delays). Additionally, they may not have to rely on asylum procedures as they are allowed legal stay through other types of statuses.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color: #3d3d3d;font-size: 19px\">UNHCR advocates for a broader approach to eligibility confirmation for complementary pathways, not exclusively linked to refugee status determination.<\/strong><span style=\"color: #3d3d3d;font-size: 19px\"> The below documents could all equally serve as proof of eligibility for complementary pathways concessions:<br \/><\/span><span style=\"color: #3d3d3d;font-size: 19px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_3,1_3,1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Asylum-seeker documentation or proof of registration for asylum with a national asylum authority or UNHCR &#8221; use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;&#xf058;||fa||400&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Documentation or card issued by a State indicating complementary or temporary protection status&#8221; use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;&#xf058;||fa||400&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;UNHCR-\/State-issued card or certificate indicating refugee status&#8221; use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;&#xf058;||fa||400&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.22.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;RGBA(255,255,255,0)&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_divider _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.22.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; 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_builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/what-we-do\/reports-and-publications\/handbooks-and-toolkits\/bip-toolbox&#8221; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.22.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;2021 UNHCR Best Interests Procedure Guidelines<br \/>\n&#8221; url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/policy\/opguidance\/unhcr\/2021\/en\/122648&#8243; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;&#xe022;||divi||400&#8243; icon_color=&#8221;#0072BC&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;60px&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/policy\/opguidance\/unhcr\/2021\/en\/122648&#8243; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.22.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;UNHCR Guidelines on International Legal Standards Relating to Decent Work for Refugees&#8221; url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/policy\/legalguidance\/unhcr\/2021\/en\/123889&#8243; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;&#xe022;||divi||400&#8243; icon_color=&#8221;#0072BC&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;60px&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/policy\/legalguidance\/unhcr\/2021\/en\/123889&#8243; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.22.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;ILO Guiding principles on the access of refugees and other forcibly displaced persons to the labour market&#8221; url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/policy\/legalguidance\/ilo\/2017\/en\/42819&#8243; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;&#xe022;||divi||400&#8243; icon_color=&#8221;#0072BC&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;60px&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/policy\/legalguidance\/ilo\/2017\/en\/42819&#8243; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.22.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; 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url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/age-gender-diversity\/&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;&#xf0c1;||fa||900&#8243; icon_color=&#8221;#0072BC&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;60px&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/age-gender-diversity\/&#8221; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.22.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;UNHCR Route-Based Approach: explainer&#8221; url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/policy\/strategy\/unhcr\/2024\/en\/148087&#8243; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;&#xe022;||divi||400&#8243; icon_color=&#8221;#0072BC&#8221; 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header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/news\/speeches-and-statements\/unhcr-s-grandi-need-panoramic-approach-mixed-movements&#8221; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.22.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.22.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;UNHCR Integrity toolkit&#8221; url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/complementary-pathways-guidance\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/159\/2024\/12\/Annex-8a-Integrity-Toolkit.pdf&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;&#xe022;||divi||400&#8243; icon_color=&#8221;#0072BC&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;60px&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/complementary-pathways-guidance\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/159\/2024\/12\/Annex-8a-Integrity-Toolkit.pdf&#8221; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.22.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Ensuring integrity and responding to suspected fraud&#8221; url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/complementary-pathways-guidance\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/159\/2024\/12\/Annex-8-Ensuring-Integrity-and-Responding-to-suspected-fraud.pdf&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; use_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;&#xe022;||divi||400&#8243; icon_color=&#8221;#0072BC&#8221; image_icon_width=&#8221;60px&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/complementary-pathways-guidance\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/159\/2024\/12\/Annex-8-Ensuring-Integrity-and-Responding-to-suspected-fraud.pdf&#8221; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.22.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_enable_color=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.22.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; border_width_top=&#8221;4px&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.22.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.22.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Previous<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9wYWdlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjQwOTEiLCJlbmFibGVfaHRtbCI6Im9mZiJ9fQ==@&#8221; button_text=&#8221;2. Definitions and types of complementary pathways&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;button_url&#8221; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_text_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; button_icon=&#8221;&#x34;||divi||400&#8243; button_icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.22.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.22.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><strong>Next<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9wYWdlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjQwODUiLCJlbmFibGVfaHRtbCI6Im9mZiJ9fQ==@&#8221; button_text=&#8221;4. UNHCR&#8217;s engagement in complementary pathways&#8221; button_alignment=&#8221;right&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.2&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;button_url&#8221; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_text_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>3. Protection considerations, key principles and eligibility\u00a9 UNHCR\/Antoine TardyIt is important to integrate several protection principles in complementary pathways programme design, to enhance protection outcomes and help refugees avoid the risks of irregular and unsafe movement. Complementary pathways are also accessible on the basis of skills and experience, family and community links and other factors, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":5723,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"<!-- wp:list {\"ordered\":true} -->\n<ol><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Agency and self-reliance<\/strong>: The development of pathways should lead to the establishment of systems and mechanisms that do not require ongoing negotiation and adjustment for individual cases but are sufficiently flexible and directly accessible so that <s>for<\/s> persons in need of international protection can use them without intermediaries. Ultimately, people should be able to exercise control over their own professional and social choices, their international protection approach, and solutions, by accessing opportunities independently using publicly available information and processes.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Protection against <em>refoulement<\/em><\/strong>: as a minimum protection safeguard in complementary pathways, refugees should always be protected from <em>refoulement<\/em>. Clear ways of preserving this are (a) providing access to machine-readable refugee travel documents - and the ability to renew them at the embassies of issuing countries; and (b)&nbsp;ensuring that those who travel under complementary pathways have meaningful access to asylum in receiving countries.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Additionality to rights-based spaces and resettlement<\/strong>: Complementary pathways should lead to an overall net increase in the number of people accessing third country solutions. &nbsp;They should not substitute the protection afforded to refugees under the international protection regime in terms of access to asylum procedures, refugee status or other forms of international protection. Resettlement quotas and asylum spaces should not be diminished by complementary pathways - and vice versa. To preserve the integrity of all spaces \u2013 discretionary humanitarian commitments, resettlement and non-derogable rights-based programmes (asylum and family reunification) - it\u2019s important that pathways are guided by a different methodology \u2013 I.e., one based on skillsets (such as education levels and work experience), relationship to a sponsoring entity, family links, or additional humanitarian needs. &nbsp;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>The progressive approach to solutions:&nbsp;<\/strong>There is a distinction between international protection status \u2013 which entails non-derogable rights such as <em>non-refoulement<\/em> \u2013 and solutions, which are achieved when a durable legal status is obtained which ensures national protection for civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights<sup>4<\/sup>. Many complementary pathways may or may not have the built in component of durable status from the start - but at the very least should protect against <em>refoulement<\/em>, safeguard freedom of movement, and take an adaptive approach in strengthening features of protection over time. Once an individual receives permanent, enduring protection by the State, a solution has been realised. The journey to this point is considered a progressive approach. &nbsp;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Family unity: <\/strong>Preserving family unity through meaningful access to family reunification procedures should remain at the core of the design for all complementary pathways. \u202f Integrating opportunities for extended family reunification - for example, naming family members through sponsorship models - is a means of further enhancing access to the right to family unity; some frameworks also incorporate specific visa options for the family members of students and workers to join them in third countries. However, these options should not detract from the continued development of non-derogable, rights-based family reunification procedures. &nbsp;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Non-discrimination<\/strong>: The Roadmap 2030 says that \u201c<em>individuals should be treated equally and have a fair prospect to access third-country solutions irrespective of their age, gender and other characteristics\u201d. <\/em>Equal access and options for all refugees must be centered as complementary pathways expand. For example, gendered barriers<strong> <\/strong>can obstruct access to complementary pathways for women (in all their diversity), and other marginalized refugee groups including people with diverse sexual orientations and gender identities, ethnic and religious minorities, GBV survivors, and those with disabilities. It is the responsibility of all project partners to work on alleviating obstacles that skew access to pathways. In program design, this can mean specific quotas for women, girls, and others; adjusting eligibility criteria to promote greater parity amongst successful candidates; and working at community levels to challenge gender norms and obstacles relevant to specific individuals and groups.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Protection from exploitation and access to rights:<\/strong>&nbsp;Ideally, refugees should have equal access to labour protections as their professional peers, and should be able to seek recourse from oversight mechanisms in the same ways. However, not every work and study environment holds to international standards; refugees may not be included in every protective system, and refugees\u2019 need for employment, and for protection from <em>refoulement<\/em>, can push them towards unsafe situations.&nbsp;Refugees themselves decide what risks they are willing to take \u2013 UNHCR's roles are to improve the protection options and quality of information available.&nbsp; UNHCR works with the ILO and IOM (amongst others already present in these areas) to ensure the inclusion of refugees in existing and evolving systems.&nbsp;There may be situations where UNHCR should not engage or support certain programmes on the basis that essential protection principles are not met. These situations would include where there is a threat to individual safety and well-being; for example, where <em>non-refoulement <\/em>is not preserved, or there are other pertinent protection risks surrounding the programme (including situations involving exploitation, trafficking and\/or other suspected criminal activities). Where UNHCR is unable to verify or establish the credibility of partner organisations and programmes, it may choose not to engage with them. Further, it may be appropriate to proactively advise refugees who approach UNHCR of concerns over the safety of particular programmes, in addition to general information provided to all migrants.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Best interests of the Child<\/strong>: Attention must be maintained on the importance of preserving family unity for children through different pathways, and family reunification as a pathway of admission. Complementary pathways must be child-sensitive and incorporate appropriate child-focussed protection safeguards. They should be grounded on the principle of the best interests of the child and on the protection and fulfilment of the rights of the child.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Partnership<\/strong>: Partnership is at the heart of complementary pathways, and building enabling legal and policy frameworks while breaking down barriers that prevent the advancement of pathways needs multi-stakeholder, multi-sectoral coalitions. Working with refugee communities and refugee-led organisations to build their abilities to independently access pathways is essential, as well as ensuring they have an equal voice at the table. Ideally, refugees should be able to navigate complementary pathways processes independently of UNHCR or other actors\u2019 assistance. <\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>State accountability: <\/strong>Governments maintain the primary responsibility in establishing policy frameworks and ensuring that basic requirements around reception, social services, and protection in receiving countries are met. While non-State actors have important roles in advocating for, developing and implementing complementary pathways (including the assumption of infrastructural, financial and integration responsibilities), accountability rests ultimately with State authorities. This means that refugees\u2019 rights are upheld, and that they are legally protected against risks such as <em>refoulement. <\/em>For example, in the event that the sponsor-sponsee relationship breaks down, refugees should be supported by a safety net ensured by government services. The State should also maintain an active interest and role in monitoring the protection outcomes of sponsorship programmes. &nbsp;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ol>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":6} -->\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Machine-readable refugee travel documents (pop out)<\/h6>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In many cases, refugees cannot access documents from their country of origin or habitual residence without putting themselves and their families at risk. Being without a machine-readable travel document significantly affects refugees\u2019 freedom of movement, and their ability to pursue opportunities and solutions. &nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>An effective way of ensuring refugees\u2019 access to the opportunities offered by complementary pathways is by States making machine-readable travel documents more available on a systemic basis and encouraging States to recognize travel documents issued by countries of asylum for the purpose of visa applications. Alongside conforming to International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icao.int\/meetings\/tag-mrtd\/documents\/tag-mrtd-21\/tag-mrtd21_wp09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">standards<\/a>, travel documents should protect against <em>refoulement<\/em>, be renewable at the diplomatic representations of issuing countries abroad, carry an extended validity period of five years or more, and allow for the right to return to countries of asylum. Alongside Convention Travel Documents (CTDs) for those with refugee recognition documents, asylum seekers should equally be able to access travel documents such as one-way travel authorisations or <em>laissez-passez.<\/em> This principle is founded in customary international law \u2013 as the right to freedom of movement couched in the ICCPR \u2013 and therefore applies regardless of whether a State is signatory to the 1951 Convention. States making travel documents more widely available to all persons in need of international protection is essential to the scale and future of complementary pathways - as such, this is a vital cornerstone of UNHCR\u2019s advocacy strategy. &nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>For more information on UNHCR\u2019s key advocacy points around travel documents, colleagues can refer to <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/unhcr365.sharepoint.com\/:b:\/s\/dip-hubcp\/ESYMz3SAPYFBqg8VzZ-44TEBZLcXq3c0M7U4alUscwbFNQ?e=2wCgd4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>t<\/em><\/a><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/complementary-pathways-guidance\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/159\/2023\/08\/Travel-Docs-Pledges_0.pdf\">his Global Refugee Forum pledging guidance document<\/a>. Colleagues are also encouraged to familiarise themselves with the <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/52b166a34.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Guide for Issuing Machine Readable Convention Travel Documents for Refugees and Stateless Persons.<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":6} -->\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h6>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4097","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>3. 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