{"id":28349,"date":"2018-08-23T11:46:28","date_gmt":"2018-08-23T09:46:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/innovation\/?p=28349"},"modified":"2018-08-23T12:47:33","modified_gmt":"2018-08-23T10:47:33","slug":"doesnt-kill-lets-talk-failure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/innovation\/doesnt-kill-lets-talk-failure\/","title":{"rendered":"What doesn\u2019t kill you: let’s talk about failure"},"content":{"rendered":"

Someone said to me recently, “deep down, everyone is winging it most of the time.”<\/span><\/p>\n

I remembered this when at the<\/span> WEDC WASH Conference in Nakuru<\/span><\/a> last month, I was asked to be on a panel about<\/span> failure in faecal sludge management<\/span><\/a>. I\u2019m no expert on this topic but, like most people, I\u2019ve had my share of failures, and as an innovation professional, I\u2019m concerned we don\u2019t always feel able to discuss and learn from failure in the humanitarian sector. The competition for funds is fierce, driving many NGOs to speak only of their success stories and be quiet about the rest. In parallel, a <\/span>bias in academia <\/span><\/a>against negative or \u2018null-findings\u2019 means that researchers are less likely to publish studies on innovation or about programmes that aren\u2019t working.<\/span><\/p>\n

So how can we get better? The panel discussion made me reflect on three key steps:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Acknowledge the role of luck<\/b><\/p>\n

Before we can begin any analysis and learn from our own past work, we need to be realistic about the role of luck and circumstance. We live in a complex world, and any project that works with real people, rather than being limited to a scientific lab, is susceptible to the randomness of external events. As humans, we have a<\/span> habit of underestimating the role of luck<\/span><\/a> when something has gone well. When the founders of Google wanted to<\/span> sell the company<\/span><\/a> after its initial start-up phase for $1.6m, it was pure luck that the offers they got were slightly below that\u2014and so they ended up sticking with the company that now is one of the most valuable in the world. The lesson is: whether things go right or wrong, luck (good or bad) has usually played a part. Appreciating this will make us better at learning.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Change the language<\/b><\/p>\n

Numerous studies have shown that humans are \u2018outcome-biased:\u2019 we have a tendency to revise the history of our beliefs in light of what actually happened. In his brilliant book \u2018Thinking Fast and Slow\u2019, behavioural scientist Daniel Kahneman shows that<\/span> hindsight bias<\/span><\/a> leads observers to assess the quality of a decision not by whether the process was sound but by whether its outcome was good or bad.<\/span><\/p>\n

Getting back to faecal sludge management for a moment, this means that you could construct a new type of sludge treatment system without building on evidence, consulting users or monitoring quality, and by pure luck, you might still end up with a system that works. Observers would deem this a success\u2014and be likely to copy the system for other contexts. However, if you looked at the poor <\/span>process <\/span><\/i>without knowing about the positive <\/span>result, this <\/span><\/i>would reveal the system would be unlikely to work in any other context.<\/span><\/p>\n

This shows us that unnuanced language of \u2018success\u2019 and \u2018failure\u2019 doesn\u2019t offer us much in the way of learning.<\/span> Instead, we need to shift our definition of success to allow us to talk<\/span> about what elements work and what doesn\u2019t work, and we need to find ways to mitigate our outcome bias.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Be clear what we\u2019re looking for<\/b><\/p>\n

To help us nuance how we look at the ideas that failed, in innovation language, we often talk about \u2018bad\u2019 failure or \u2018good\u2019 failure. Innovation often means testing a series of assumptions or ideas that don\u2019t work until you find the one that does. Failure is, therefore, part of innovation, <\/span>but there are different degrees: small failures can cost time and money; big, \u2018bad\u2019 failures can be the end of a start-up organisation. <\/span>Unfortunately, our <\/span>\u2018sunk cost\u2019 bias<\/span><\/a> can often lead us to delay failure because we\u2019ve already invested a lot in the idea when we should have abandoned it as soon as we realised it wasn\u2019t working well. As an innovation funder, we want to take risks, but we try to do this in a staged way, inviting constant reflection on what works and what doesn\u2019t. In <\/span>lean startup<\/span><\/a> terminology: \u201cfail<\/span> quickly and cheaply; spend a little to learn a lot.\u201d <\/span>With this approach, we\u2019ve seen several examples of exciting \u2018good failures\u2019: these are ideas that were based on well-researched assumptions or evidence, tested rigorously and found not to work.<\/span><\/p>\n

We recently funded one such project in our<\/span> Handwashing Innovation Challenge<\/span><\/a>. Action Against Hunger Spain and London School for Hygiene and Tropical Medicine wanted to test if leaves and seeds from the Moringa plant could be used as an alternative to soap. Both previous lab testings and anecdotal evidence suggested there might be a potential\u2014so the team prepared for more detailed lab testing and subsequent field tests. However, the lab testing quickly showed that the Moringa products were anything but a disinfectant: on the contrary, when mixed with water they <\/span>grew<\/span><\/i> E-coli bacteria.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Photo credit: Soap Aid<\/p><\/div>\n

The team was disappointed they hadn\u2019t found a cheap alternative to soap, but at the same time excited that their results will help inform future use of Moringa seeds. They\u2019ve already communicated these <\/span>findings<\/span><\/a> widely\u2014including the reflection that there\u2019s a small chance the results were affected by bad luck in the form of a low-quality batch of Moringa products from the supplier.<\/span><\/p>\n

This is a great example of a \u2018good failure\u2019 and a successful investment for the <\/span>Humanitarian Innovation Fund<\/span><\/a> (HIF). We\u2019re on a mission at <\/span>Elrha<\/span><\/a> to continue to generate a strong evidence base and make our insights gathered through the work of the HIF available to others as part of the global conversation on what works in humanitarian innovation. By sharing more \u2018good failures\u2019 like this, whether in academic publications, sector conferences or other media, hopefully, we can start to move towards a better culture for learning that benefits all of us working in the humanitarian community, and most of all, the people affected by crises who we strive to support. So tell us, what has your favorite innovation failure looked like?<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

About the author<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cecilie Hestb\u00e6k is Innovation Management Adviser at Elrha and leads the Humanitarian Innovation Fund\u2019s (HIF) WASH programme. Working closely with the HIF\u2019s group of WASH technical advisers from across the humanitarian sector, she designs and runs innovation challenges. She manages a portfolio of around 50 humanitarian innovation projects, the majority of them WASH, providing flexible funding and support to help the projects plan and manage innovation processes from recognition stage through development, piloting and scaling.<\/i><\/p>\n

Photo credit:\u00a0Soap Aid<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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