The most important thing Ahmed was able to bring with him is “Kako,” his pet monkey and best friend. Ahmed says that he couldn’t imagine life without Kako, and that the most difficult thing about leaving Blue Nile was having to leave behind his family’s donkey. Kako and Ahmed made the five-day journey from Taga to the South Sudanese border in the back of a truck. Ahmed and his family had to flee their home in Taga village, in Sudan’s Blue Nile State, amid prolonged aerial bombardments.

Magboola and her family weathered air raids for several months, but decided it was time to leave their village of Bofe, in Sudan’s Blue Nile state, the night that soldiers arrived and opened fire. With her three children, she travelled for 12 days from Bofe to the town of El Fudj, on the South Sudanese border. The most important thing she was able to bring with her is the cooking pot she holds in this photograph, taken at Jamam refugee camp, in South Sudan’s Maban County. It was small enough she could travel with it, yet big enough to cook sorghum for herself and her three daughters during their journey.

The most important thing Howard brought with him is this long knife, called a “shefe”. He used it to defend his family and his herd of 20 cattle during their 20-day journey from Bau County in Sudan to the South Sudanese border. Exchanges of gunfire and aerial bombardment forced Howard, with his wife and six children, to flee their home.

In September 2011, war came to Shari’s village in Bau County, in Sudan’s Blue Nile state. For five months she and her son, Osman, 40, went from village to village, trying to find safety. At times Shari grew so hungry that she ate the leaves of the lalof tree. Some of the friends and neighbours who accompanied them along the way died of illness or hunger. Shari and Osman reached Jamam refugee camp, in South Sudan’s Maban County, in February 2012. She says the most important thing she brought with her is the stick she holds. “I’ve had this stick since I went blind six years ago,” she said. “My son led me along the road with it. Without it, and him, I would be dead now.”

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Several months before this picture was taken, repeated bombing raids forced Dowla and her six children to flee their village in Sudan’s Blue Nile state. The most important object she was able to bring with her is the wooden pole balanced over her shoulder. She used it to carry her six children during the 10-day journey to Doro refugee camp, in South Sudan’s Maban County. At times, the children were too tired to walk, forcing her to carry two on either side.

As war came closer to Ahmar, his village in Sudan’s Blue Nile state, Torjam fled in search of safety in the nearby village of Kukur. But when the fighting followed him there, he and his family took off again during the night. The most important things he was able to bring with him were these plastic bottles. One carried drinking water, the other cooking oil. “All I could carry was this, and an axe,” says Torjam, seen here at Jamam refugee camp, in South Sudan’s Maban County. “We couldn’t bring much, and even had to leave some other old people behind.”

Hasan is unsure of his age, but imagines he is between 60 and 70 years old. This empty wallet, he says, is the most important thing he carried when he fled fighting near Maganza, his village in Sudan’s Blue Nile State. When he left home, it held enough money to buy food for his family during their 25-day journey to the South Sudanese border. This photo was taken four months after their arrival in Jamam refugee camp, and Hasan’s wallet was empty.

Without this whip, Al Haj says he wouldn’t have been able to keep together his herd of 50 goats as he fled fighting in Sudan – and he would now be destitute. Al Haj travelled from Lahmar, his village in Sudan’s Blue Nile State, and found refuge in South Sudan. During his journey, he fell ill with malaria, making his escape even more challenging.

The most important thing Maria carried with her was this water container, known as a jerrican. Four months before this photograph was taken, soldiers arrived in her village of Makaja, in Sudan’s Blue Nile State. In the middle of the night, they set fire to her house, burning it, and all the food inside, to the ground. The next day she set out, shoeless, for the South Sudanese border – a journey that would take her three months to complete. Along the way she contracted malaria, and at one point went five days without a meal.

The most important things Asha was able to bring with her to Jamam refugee camp, in South Sudan, are the bracelets, or “kubasha,” she holds in this photograph. “I couldn’t carry anything with me. I just ran with what I was wearing. Everything I have now I bought in Jamam, except these bracelets, which are the only beautiful things I have from home.” She and her family endured months of aerial bombing raids, but when gun battles erupted in their village they knew they had to flee.

Omar used this axe to cut firewood for cooking during his family’s escape from the conflict in Sudan’s Blue Nile state. He also used it to build small wooden structures where his family could sleep at night – and sometimes rest for days at a time – along the way. Before fleeing his village, Bofe, he was a farmer. He and his family weathered aerial bombing raids for several months, but decided it was time to leave their home and land when soldiers came in the night and opened fire. He and his family travelled for 12 days from to reach the town of El Fudj, on the South Sudanese border. Omar is unsure of his exact age, but believes himself to be between 60 and 70 years old.

Unlike the other people pictured above, Taiba holds no object, as she made her journey empty-handed. Eight months before this photograph was taken, she fled from her village of Lahmar in Sudan’s Blue Nile State with nothing but the ragged clothing she was wearing. It took two months to reach South Sudan with her mother and five brothers. Often she went days at a time without food. She wore no shoes and lacked even a cup or a plastic bottle to carry water. She stayed alive by scavenging for fruits in the forest, and by begging for food and water from other refugees and in villages she passed through along the way. A case of tetanus took Taiba’s left arm four years ago, and now she is among the most vulnerable people seeking refuge in South Sudan’s Maban County. She no longer lives in fear, but says she still doesn’t have enough to eat.