Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

In 2024, Venezuela’s operational context grew increasingly complex amid heightened insecurity, political polarization, and new protection risks, particularly following the violent aftermath of the 28 July presidential elections. These events deepened social divisions, undermined community cohesion, and intensified fear and mistrust across the country. Simultaneously, access to humanitarian assistance was further restricted, even as protection needs surged.

Despite this deteriorating environment, cross-border movements showed a modest rise in returns. Monitoring by UNHCR-supported waystations along the Colombia–Venezuela border recorded a return-to-exit ratio of 38 to 62%, a three-percentage-point increase compared to 2023. This shift may reflect growing restrictions in host countries, anticipated immigration crackdowns in the United States, and perceptions of economic recovery in Venezuela, which has seen moderate GDP growth for the third consecutive year.

UNHCR’s protection strategy in Venezuela remains anchored in safeguarding the rights of refugees, asylum-seekers, returnees, and Venezuelans affected by the crisis. It prioritizes preventing statelessness, supporting sustainable reintegration, and reducing displacement risks by enhancing community resilience and disaster preparedness.

Amid budget cuts, UNHCR made the difficult decision to close Field Offices in Ciudad Guayana, Guasdualito, and Puerto Ayacucho—border areas with Colombia—while reinforcing its presence along other critical routes by opening new Field Units in Santa Elena de Uairén (bordering Brazil) and Carúpano (near the maritime border with Trinidad and Tobago). Resources were reallocated to strengthen responses along strategic border areas.

To sustain protection and assistance efforts, UNHCR deepened its collaboration with UN agencies, NGOs, and private sector partners. These joint efforts aim to offer multi-sectoral support across the displacement cycle, enhance community resilience, and expand opportunities for those choosing to stay or return.